Wednesday, April 4, 2012

Byaduk Cave Consulting Visit

A few weeks ago I got an email from Mark Venosta, a Senior Consultant Biologist from Biosis Research Pty. Ltd., to chat about the Thermal Target Tracker (T3) software I’m using to count the bats at Bat Cave. I met Mark back in December at the Gluepot bat course, and we talked a lot about our research and the possibility of using T3 for his work. He and his group are monitoring Byaduk Caves near Hamilton, Victoria (a known over-wintering site for Southern Bent-wing Bats) for a wind farm company to help determine if the Southern Bent-wing Bats might be affected by the development of a new wind farm nearby. He wanted to try out T3 at their next bat census at the caves and he asked if I could come out for a few days to help set everything up and run through the program with them. Of course I said yes! Another chance to see some more caves in the area and travel a bit (with my motel room, food, and fuel paid for!). So last week I headed to the caves, which are about 2 ½ hours from Naracoorte.

Once I met up with Mark and Gavin (another Biosis worker) we headed to the caves to assess how to best set up the cameras for the emergence counts. Walking to the caves was quite difficult, as the ground was extremely rocky and grass-covered. I was paranoid the whole time about twisting an ankle or tripping and hurting myself again (I did have a few close calls). Luckily nothing bad happened. We took two nights of emergence counts at one of the caves so Mark could play around with T3 on his thermal camera. These caves are really neat as they are part of a solidified lava flow from the Mount Napier volcano eruption 8,000 years ago (during which a lava fountain several hundred meters high spurted from the crater) and were formed by molten lava continuing to flow beneath. They are much different from Bat Cave. While Bat Cave is just a “small” sinkhole with a horizontal entrance dropping straight down into the cave, the Byaduk caves are massive sinkholes with large vertical cave entrances (think typical cave entrance). They were beautiful! And much, much different from Bat Cave in terms of cave microclimate. Bat Cave is a maternity site for the Southern Bent-wing Bats, which means it needs to be warm and humid in order to provide a suitable climate for rearing pups. The giant mounds of guano decompose and add to the warmth, and the domed roof allows heat to build up. Bat Cave is therefore quite warm and humid, and the guano is relatively dry. The Byaduk caves, on the other hand, are overwintering sites for the bats, which means they need to be cool so the bats can easily enter torpor and conserve energy over the winter. The one cave we entered to estimate bat numbers with an infrared camera was very, very cold (you could see your breath) and very wet. The guano was like mud. We literally sank into it and could hear the “squelching” sounds as we picked up our feet with each step. I was finally able to appreciate the vast differences between a maternity cave and an overwintering cave. I also gained a better appreciation of just how important Bat Cave is to the life history and conservation of these bats. Bat Cave (and the other maternity cave, Starlight Cave in Warrnambool) has such a unique structure that allows heat and humidity to build up to create ideal conditions in which to raise young. Other caves just don’t have the ability to provide those conditions for the bats. That’s why Bat Cave and Starlight Cave are so vital to the conservation of this species. Without them, the bats would have nowhere suitable to raise their young, and the population would collapse.

It felt very weird to be considered one of only a few “experts” on something, especially something to do with computers! It was strange to be asked advice on how to set things up and run the software and to be turned to as an expert. It’s a great feeling, but of course it comes with a bit of responsibility! Mark has asked if I can come back out the next time they do a census there (at the end of April) so hopefully I’ll be able to get back out there again. Who knew I’d be doing consultancy work while on my Fulbright in Australia?

Mt. Napier volcano

The lava (foreground) flowed from Mt. Napier (background) through Harman Valley 8,000 years ago.

The nearby wind farm development (the company wants to expand the site, which is why we were taking the bat census at Byaduk Caves).

 

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